胡杨叶片基态渗透值的研究*

胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)是我国西北干旱地区盐渍化土地上的主要造林树种之一。近十年来,我国有些学者通过野外调查、田间试验等方法,对胡杨独特的抗盐性进行了广泛研究,但有关胡杨抗盐性生理机制方面的研究还很少,为了探讨胡杨的抗盐性机理,我们在1989年采用初始质壁分离法,对胡杨叶片的基态渗透值进行了研究。     

不同基肥混合施用对杉木种子出苗影响的研究

采用正交试验方法 ,对过磷酸钙、菜籽饼粉及复合肥不同的施肥水平影响杉木种子出苗情况进行了效果对比试验。结果表明 :混合施用过磷酸钙与复合肥的处理组合均能促进杉木种子出苗 ,最佳组合为每hm2 混合施用 75 0kg过磷酸钙及 375kg复合肥 ,出苗率比对照高出 30 3%。     

Effects of grape seed extract on meat color and premature browning of meat patties in high-oxygen packaging

This study investigated the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on fresh and cooked meat color and premature browning (PMB) in ground meat patties (85% beef and 15% pork back fat) packaged under high-oxygen modified atmospheres (HiOx-MAP).  The GSE was added to patties at concentrations of 0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^–1.  This study evaluated the surface color, pH, lipid oxidation, and total viable counts (TVC) of raw patties, and the internal color and pH of patties cooked to a temperature of 66 or 71°C over 10-day storage at 4°C.  Compared with the control (0 g kg^–1 GSE), GSE improved the color stability (P<0.05) and significantly inhibited the lipid and myoglobin oxidation of raw patties from day 5 to 10, but GSE had no effect (P>0.05) on TVC.  Patties containing 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^–1 GSE cooked to 66°C exhibited greater (P<0.05) interior redness than the control and reduced the PMB of cooked patties in the late storage stage.  These results suggested that 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^–1 GSE can improve fresh meat color and minimize PMB of HiOx-MAP patties.     

覆草对桃园主要害虫的控制效果及生物多样性的影响

覆草是果园生态调控的重要手段,通过田间试验比较了不同覆草园害虫和天敌的发生情况及其对果园生物多样性的影响。研究发现：与清耕园相比,覆草园天敌数量显著较高,而且靠近麦田的覆草园天敌数量明显高于其他覆草园,覆草对害虫的控制效果明显;覆草桃园节肢动物的物种生物多样性、丰富度指数、均匀性指数等都明显大于清耕桃园,而且苜蓿覆草桃园的生物多样性指数明显大于三叶草覆草桃园。     

基于SLAF-BSA技术的蝴蝶兰花底色关联SNP分子标记开发与验证

为筛选与蝴蝶兰花黄白底色相关的单核苷酸多态性(Single-nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点,以'黄金豹'蝴蝶兰(♀)和'白天使'蝴蝶兰(♂)及其杂交后代为实验材料,选择33个分布在5个不同颜色分布类型组群中的黄色底色杂交后代和仅有的2个纯黄色个体作为黄色底色群体,35个分布在对应5个颜色分布类型组群中的白色底色杂交后代作为白色底色群体,分别提取DNA并等量混合后构建2个不同底色DNA混池,采用特异位点扩增片段测序(SLAF-seq)结合BSA技术,对与花底色密切相关的候选标记进行鉴定。结果表明:共获得164 874个SLAF标签,其中含21 031个多态性SLAF标签,多态率为12.76%。SLAF标记在亲本中的平均序列深度为42×,在子代中的平均序列深度为46×。关联分析表明,在阈值0.745 5时,筛选得到15个与花底色相关的SLAF候选标记,具27个SNP位点。采用SNaPshot测序技术在2个亲本、11个子代和4个不同的种质资源中验证SNP位点,筛选发现,Marker35886和Marker70907的2个SNP位点与相关SLAF序列中的SNP位点一致,对花底色的鉴定准确率分别为66.67%和73.33%,组合准确率达93.33%。本研究筛选到的2个SNP位点可作为有效的分子标记位点在蝴蝶兰育种早期进行辅助选择。     

Changes in tissue lipid levels in the freshwater catfishClarias batrachus associated with the reproductive cycle

The levels of free fatty acid (FFA), monoglyceride (MG), diglyceride (DG), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol (CF) and esterified cholesterol (CE) were measured in the liver, plasma, ovary, abdominal fat and muscle during different phases of the annual reproductive cycle in femaleClarias batrachus. During the preparatory phase, hepatic lipogenic activity predominated over mobilization and consumption. In the prespawning season, an increased hepatic lipogenic activity was maintained, but lipids were transferred from the liver to the ovary. In the spawning phase, the diminished food intake, and enhanced caloric demand for spawning behaviour and activity limited hepatic lipogenic activity, and TG lypolysis was increased as was the production of more FFA. Maximum accumulation of vitellogenin, as reflected by maximum rise in ovarian PL titre was characteristic of this phase. Marked reductions in ovarian lipid occurred during the postspawning phase. In the resting phase, there was a recovery of lipogenic activity, but PL synthesis was still inhibited. In contrast to other investigated teleosts, there were extremely high level of FFA in liver, plasma, ovary and muscle throughout the annual reproductive cycle inC. batrachus. FFA appears to be the main lipid metabolite which had a very high turnover. As evidenced by the high TG content, abdominal fat seems to be the main fat depot, not the liver and muscle.Correspondent author     

南极半岛周边水域南极磷虾渔场特征分析#br#

为了解南极半岛周边水域内南极磷虾(以下简称磷虾)拖网渔场的特征,基于2013年1月至2019年5月"福荣海"轮在南极半岛周边水域的生产数据,分析了水域内磷虾中心渔场年际空间分布和生产特征。结果表明,南极半岛周边水域内磷虾拖网渔场主要分布于布兰斯菲尔德海峡(Bransfield Strait)、乔治王岛(King George Island)和斯诺岛(Snow Island)3个区域;其中布兰斯菲尔德海峡内是历年磷虾生产最稳定的区域,尤以海峡中部靠近南极半岛一侧水域(58°~60°W、63°~64°S)的作业天数和年产量占比最高;乔治王岛和斯诺岛区域的作业天数和年产量占比较低,且主要分布在岛屿周边近岸水域;布兰斯菲尔德海峡内区域、乔治王岛区域和斯诺岛区域的历年产量占比分别为60.00%~99.97%、0.03%~21.15%和0.01%~17.25%,历年作业天数占比分别为61.76%~98.75%、1.25%~28.68%和0.84%~16.67%。布兰斯菲尔德海峡内渔场的生产主要在3—5月,日产量主要为150 t以下;乔治王岛区域生产主要在1月份,日产量以150 t以下为主;斯诺岛区域的日产量在3月份较高,主要以150~250 t为主。各年度的连续生产期分布区域以布兰斯菲尔德海峡中部水域为主;各日产量区间的生产日历年主要分布在布兰斯菲尔德海峡中部,各日单位小时产量生产日也呈现逐渐集中到布兰斯菲尔德海峡的趋势;各级别亚渔场历年主要分布区域均在布兰斯菲尔德海峡内。     

Artificial spawning of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.); differences between the effects of reproduction in females of Hungarian, Polish and French origin treated with carp pituitary homogenate or [D-Tle6, ProNHEt9] GnRH (Lecirelin)

The investigation concerned the reproduction effects in carp females of the Hungarian strain 8, Polish strain 2 and French strain F of ovulation stimulation with carp pituitary homogenate (0.3 mg kg^?1 and after 12 h 2.7 mg kg^?1) or [D‐Tle⁶, ProNHEt⁹]GnRH (Lecirelin) with metoclopramide (15 μg kg^?1 and 10 mg kg^?1 respectively). The ovulation stimulators did not affect the weight of eggs (expressed in g and as the percentage of female body weight). However, in the group treated with pituitary homogenate (I) the least‐square means estimated for these parameters were higher than in the group treated with Lecirelin (II). A statistically significant (P≤0.05) difference in the mean percentage of living embryos after 48‐h incubation was observed between groups I and II, with the eggs obtained from females of group I being of better quality. The origin of females significantly (P≤0.05) affected the weight of eggs. The weight of eggs from females of Hungarian strain 8 was higher (P≤0.05) than the weight of eggs of the other two lines. With respect to parameters for egg quality (percentage of fertilized eggs and percentage of living embryos after 24‐, 36‐ and 48‐h incubation), no effect of the origin of females was observed. The interaction between the spawning agent and the origin of the females was not statistically significant with respect to the two parameters for the weight of the eggs. The least‐square means test for the investigated interaction showed that after the application of pituitary homogenate, the weight of eggs obtained from strains 8 and F was similar (respectively 711.2 g and 665.0 g). However, after the application of Lecirelin the females of strain 8 yielded eggs of a high weight (934.3 g) and those of strain F of a very low weight (373.2 g). A statistically significant (P≤0.05) interaction between ovulation stimulator and origin of females was recorded for the percentage of living embryos after 24‐ and 36‐h incubation. A dependence was found between the latency time and the reproduction effects.